Comer Conjugation | How to Conjugate Comer in Spanish

Comer means “to eat.” You will learn its fully regular -ER conjugation across the 18 key systems, its regular non-finite forms, and common transitive and intransitive patterns for talking about food and meals.

Comer conjugation at a glance

Verb type: Regular ER. Linguistically, comer is a regular -ER verb with the stable stem com-. Its finite forms follow standard -ER endings, and its gerund comiendo — “eating” — and participle comido — “eaten” — are regular.

Comer gerund, past participle, and infinitive

The infinitive names the verb, the gerund helps build progressive constructions, and the past participle is used with haber — “to have” as an auxiliary — in compound forms. With compound forms built with haber, the participle remains invariant.

Form	Spanish	Natural English guide
Infinitive	comer	to eat
Gerund	comiendo	eating
Past participle	comido	eaten

Comer meaning and essential uses

Comer — “to eat” — can take a direct object: Como fruta. — “I eat fruit.” It can also be used without an object when the meal or activity is understood: Hoy comemos en casa. — “Today we are eating at home.”

The verb is also used for taking a meal in ordinary contexts, so time and place phrases often complete the meaning: Comemos a las dos. — “We eat at two.”

Comer conjugation pattern

Comer is fully regular in its core paradigm. The stem com- remains stable, and standard -ER endings form the indicative, subjunctive, and command forms. Its gerund comiendo means “eating,” and its participle comido means “eaten.”

Comer indicative and periphrastic conjugations

Comer present tense conjugation

Present indicative (el presente de indicativo) — Use the present indicative for current actions, habits, scheduled events, or general statements. This verb uses the regular -ER present endings with a stable stem.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	como	I eat
Tú — you, singular informal	comes	you eat
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	come	he / she eats; you eat (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	comemos	we eat
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	coméis	you eat (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	comen	they eat; you eat (plural)

• Como verduras todos los días. — I eat vegetables every day.

Comer preterite conjugation

Preterite (el pretérito perfecto simple / pretérito indefinido) — Use the preterite for completed or bounded past events. These forms follow the regular -ER preterite pattern.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	comí	I ate
Tú — you, singular informal	comiste	you ate
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	comió	he / she ate; you ate (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	comimos	we ate
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	comisteis	you ate (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	comieron	they ate; you ate (plural)

• Ayer comimos juntos. — Yesterday we ate together.

Comer imperfect conjugation

Imperfect (el pretérito imperfecto) — Use the imperfect for past habits, background situations, descriptions, or an action viewed as ongoing. The target verb uses its regular imperfect pattern.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	comía	I was eating
Tú — you, singular informal	comías	you were eating
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	comía	he / she was eating; you were eating (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	comíamos	we were eating
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	comíais	you were eating (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	comían	they were eating; you were eating (plural)

• Antes comía en la oficina. — I used to eat at the office.

Comer present progressive

Present progressive (el presente progresivo) — This verbal periphrasis presents the action as genuinely in progress. Form it with the present of estar — “to be” — plus comiendo — “eating.”

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	estoy comiendo	I am eating
Tú — you, singular informal	estás comiendo	you are eating
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	está comiendo	he / she is eating; you are eating (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	estamos comiendo	we are eating
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	estáis comiendo	you are eating (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	están comiendo	they are eating; you are eating (plural)

• Estamos comiendo ahora. — We are eating now.

Comer near future conjugation

Near future (el futuro próximo) — This verbal periphrasis expresses plans, intentions, or expected future events. Form it with the present of ir — “to go” — plus a + comer — “to eat.”

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	voy a comer	I am going to eat
Tú — you, singular informal	vas a comer	you are going to eat
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	va a comer	he / she is going to eat; you are going to eat (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	vamos a comer	we are going to eat
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	vais a comer	you are going to eat (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	van a comer	they are going to eat; you are going to eat (plural)

• Voy a comer algo ligero. — I am going to eat something light.

Comer future tense conjugation

Simple future (el futuro simple) — Use the future for future reference and, when context supports it, probability. Add the future endings to the full infinitive comer — “to eat”.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	comeré	I will eat
Tú — you, singular informal	comerás	you will eat
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	comerá	he / she will eat; you will eat (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	comeremos	we will eat
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	comeréis	you will eat (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	comerán	they will eat; you will eat (plural)

• Comeremos después de la reunión. — We will eat after the meeting.

Comer conditional conjugation

Simple conditional (el condicional simple) — Use the conditional for hypothetical results, polite softening, or other conditional meanings. Add the conditional endings to the full infinitive comer — “to eat”.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	comería	I would eat
Tú — you, singular informal	comerías	you would eat
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	comería	he / she would eat; you would eat (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	comeríamos	we would eat
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	comeríais	you would eat (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	comerían	they would eat; you would eat (plural)

• Comería más temprano si pudiera. — I would eat earlier if I could.

Comer present perfect conjugation

Present perfect (el pretérito perfecto compuesto) — Use the present perfect for completed events connected to the present; its distribution varies by region. Form it with present forms of haber — “to have” as an auxiliary — plus the invariant participle comido — the target verb’s past participle.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	he comido	I have eaten
Tú — you, singular informal	has comido	you have eaten
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	ha comido	he / she has eaten; you have eaten (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	hemos comido	we have eaten
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	habéis comido	you have eaten (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	han comido	they have eaten; you have eaten (plural)

• Hoy he comido muy poco. — Today I have eaten very little.

Comer past perfect conjugation

Past perfect / pluperfect (el pretérito pluscuamperfecto) — Use this form for an event completed before another past reference point. Form it with imperfect forms of haber — “to have” as an auxiliary — plus the invariant participle comido — the target verb’s past participle.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	había comido	I had eaten
Tú — you, singular informal	habías comido	you had eaten
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	había comido	he / she had eaten; you had eaten (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	habíamos comido	we had eaten
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	habíais comido	you had eaten (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	habían comido	they had eaten; you had eaten (plural)

• Ya habían comido cuando llegamos. — They had already eaten when we arrived.

Comer future perfect conjugation

Future perfect (el futuro compuesto / antefuturo) — Use this form for something expected to be completed by a future point. Form it with future forms of haber — “to have” as an auxiliary — plus the invariant participle comido — the target verb’s past participle.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	habré comido	I will have eaten
Tú — you, singular informal	habrás comido	you will have eaten
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	habrá comido	he / she will have eaten; you will have eaten (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	habremos comido	we will have eaten
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	habréis comido	you will have eaten (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	habrán comido	they will have eaten; you will have eaten (plural)

• Para entonces habremos comido. — By then we will have eaten.

Comer conditional perfect conjugation

Conditional perfect (el condicional compuesto / antepospretérito) — Use this form for a hypothetical completed result or unreal past outcome. Form it with conditional forms of haber — “to have” as an auxiliary — plus the invariant participle comido — the target verb’s past participle.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	habría comido	I would have eaten
Tú — you, singular informal	habrías comido	you would have eaten
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	habría comido	he / she would have eaten; you would have eaten (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	habríamos comido	we would have eaten
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	habríais comido	you would have eaten (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	habrían comido	they would have eaten; you would have eaten (plural)

• Habría comido contigo, pero tenía otra cita. — I would have eaten with you, but I had another appointment.

Comer subjunctive conjugations

Comer present subjunctive conjugation

Present subjunctive (el presente de subjuntivo) — Use it in environments such as wishes, influence, emotion, doubt, evaluation, necessity, or non-specific reference. The target verb follows the regular -ER present-subjunctive pattern.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	coma	that I eat
Tú — you, singular informal	comas	that you eat
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	coma	that he / she eat; that you eat (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	comamos	that we eat
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	comáis	that you eat (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	coman	that they eat; that you eat (plural)

• Es importante que comas bien. — It is important that you eat well.

Comer imperfect subjunctive conjugation

Imperfect subjunctive (el imperfecto de subjuntivo) — Use it in subordinate clauses linked to past, hypothetical, or unreal contexts. The main table uses the accepted -ra series. The -se series is also accepted in many contexts; the example list includes a -se form without implying mechanical interchangeability everywhere.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	comiera	that I ate / were to eat
Tú — you, singular informal	comieras	that you ate / were to eat
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	comiera	that he / she ate / were to eat; that you ate / were to eat (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	comiéramos	that we ate / were to eat
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	comierais	that you ate / were to eat (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	comieran	that they ate / were to eat; that you ate / were to eat (plural)

• Querían que comiéramos antes de salir. — They wanted us to eat before leaving.
• Prefería que comieseis en casa. — She preferred that you all eat at home.

Comer future subjunctive conjugation

Future subjunctive (el futuro de subjuntivo) — Rare in modern everyday Spanish. It survives mainly in formal, legal, proverbial, literary, or historical contexts and is presented here as a reference system.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	comiere	if / when I should eat
Tú — you, singular informal	comieres	if / when you should eat
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	comiere	if / when he / she should eat; if / when you should eat (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	comiéremos	if / when we should eat
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	comiereis	if / when you should eat (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	comieren	if / when they should eat; if / when you should eat (plural)

• Quien comiere en esta zona deberá mantenerla limpia. — Whoever should eat in this area must keep it clean.

Comer present perfect subjunctive conjugation

Present perfect subjunctive (el pretérito perfecto de subjuntivo) — Use it when a completed event is viewed through a present- or future-oriented subjunctive environment. Form it with present-subjunctive forms of haber — “to have” as an auxiliary — plus comido, the target verb’s past participle.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	haya comido	that I have eaten
Tú — you, singular informal	hayas comido	that you have eaten
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	haya comido	that he / she has eaten; that you have eaten (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	hayamos comido	that we have eaten
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	hayáis comido	that you have eaten (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	hayan comido	that they have eaten; that you have eaten (plural)

• Me alegra que hayas comido. — I am glad that you have eaten.

Comer past perfect subjunctive conjugation

Past perfect subjunctive (el pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo) — Use it for earlier completed situations in unreal, counterfactual, or other subjunctive contexts. The main table uses the imperfect-subjunctive auxiliary hubiera — a form of haber — plus comido, the target verb’s past participle; hubiese is an accepted auxiliary alternative in many contexts.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	hubiera comido	that I had eaten
Tú — you, singular informal	hubieras comido	that you had eaten
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	hubiera comido	that he / she had eaten; that you had eaten (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	hubiéramos comido	that we had eaten
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	hubierais comido	that you had eaten (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	hubieran comido	that they had eaten; that you had eaten (plural)

• Ojalá hubiéramos comido antes. — I wish we had eaten earlier.
• Si hubieses comido algo, no tendrías tanta hambre. — If you had eaten something, you would not be so hungry.

Comer future perfect subjunctive conjugation

Future perfect subjunctive (el futuro perfecto de subjuntivo) — Rare in modern everyday Spanish. This reference form appears mainly in formal, legal, literary, or historical contexts. Form it with future-subjunctive forms of haber — “to have” as an auxiliary — plus comido, the target verb’s past participle.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	hubiere comido	if / when I should have eaten
Tú — you, singular informal	hubieres comido	if / when you should have eaten
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	hubiere comido	if / when he / she should have eaten; if / when you should have eaten (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	hubiéremos comido	if / when we should have eaten
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	hubiereis comido	if / when you should have eaten (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	hubieren comido	if / when they should have eaten; if / when you should have eaten (plural)

• Si hubieren comido antes del examen, deberán indicarlo. — If they should have eaten before the examination, they must state it.

Comer imperative and commands

Commands address another person directly. Spanish uses different morphological sources across persons and polarity; the nosotros/nosotras row is a present-subjunctive form used with exhortative “let’s…” value.

Comer affirmative commands

Use affirmative commands to tell someone directly to perform the action.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Tú — you, singular informal	come	eat
Usted — you, singular formal	coma	eat (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we; let’s…	comamos	let’s eat
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	comed	eat (plural, mainly Spain)
Ustedes — you, plural	coman	eat (plural)

• Come algo antes de salir. — Eat something before leaving.

Comer negative commands

Negative commands use subjunctive-based forms.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Tú — you, singular informal	no comas	do not eat
Usted — you, singular formal	no coma	do not eat (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we; let’s…	no comamos	let’s not eat
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	no comáis	do not eat (plural, mainly Spain)
Ustedes — you, plural	no coman	do not eat (plural)

• No comas tan rápido. — Do not eat so fast.

Common constructions with Comer

These patterns show common ways the target verb combines with its complements or develops its core meaning.

• Comer algo. — To eat something.
• Comer en casa. — To eat at home.
• Comer con alguien. — To eat with someone.

Example sentences with Comer

These examples reinforce the target verb across useful forms and contexts already explained in the lesson.

• Como fruta en el desayuno. — I eat fruit at breakfast.
• Ayer comimos en un restaurante pequeño. — Yesterday we ate at a small restaurant.
• De niño comía muy temprano. — As a child I used to eat very early.
• Quiero que comas algo antes de salir. — I want you to eat something before leaving.
• Ya hemos comido. — We have already eaten.
• Come despacio. — Eat slowly.

Regional and usage notes for Comer

The core tables retain tú, usted, vosotros/vosotras, and ustedes for project comparability. Voseo can change the present indicative and affirmative command; the following forms are regional examples and do not replace the core paradigm.

• Vos comés aquí todos los días. — You eat here every day. (voseo)
• Comé algo antes de salir. — Eat something before leaving. (affirmative vos command)

Comer is fully regular, so once the -ER endings are secure, focus on matching the tense to the time frame and deciding whether the sentence needs a direct object or simply describes the act or occasion of eating.