Enfermarse Conjugation | How to Conjugate Enfermarse in Spanish

Enfermarse means “to get sick” or “to fall ill.” You will learn its regular -AR forms, required pronominal clitics, non-finite placement, compound forms, and restricted affirmative-command use.

Enfermarse conjugation at a glance

Verb type: Regular AR. Enfermarse keeps the stable stem enferm- and regular -AR endings. Its defining feature is pronominal behavior: me enfermo — “I get sick,” te enfermas — “you get sick,” and se enferman — “they get sick.”

Enfermarse gerund, past participle, and infinitive

The infinitive keeps se — the pronominal marker. The gerund can carry an attached person-matched clitic, while compound infinitives and gerunds attach the clitic to haber — “to have” as an auxiliary. The participle enfermado remains invariant in compound forms.

Form	Spanish	Natural English guide
Infinitive	enfermarse	to get sick
Gerund	enfermándose	getting sick
Past participle	enfermado	gotten sick
Compound infinitive	haberse enfermado	to have gotten sick
Compound gerund	habiéndose enfermado	having gotten sick

Enfermarse meaning and essential uses

Enfermarse — “to get sick / fall ill” — expresses becoming ill. The person-matched clitic is part of the target form: Me enfermo con facilidad en invierno. — “I get sick easily in winter.”

RAE records the non-pronominal intransitive verb for “to become ill” as well as pronominal use. This lesson keeps the whitelist identity enfermarse — “to get sick” — and therefore teaches the clitic throughout its core paradigm.

Enfermarse regular conjugation pattern

The lexical stem enferm- stays unchanged. Present, preterite, imperfect, future, conditional, and subjunctive forms take the ordinary -AR endings; enfermando — “getting sick / causing illness” — and enfermado — “become ill / made ill” — are regular.

The main complexity is clitic placement. Finite forms place the clitic before the verb, compound forms place it before haber — “to have” as an auxiliary — and affirmative commands attach it to the command form.

Enfermarse indicative and periphrastic conjugations

Enfermarse present tense conjugation

Present indicative (el presente de indicativo) — Use it for current actions, habits, facts, and contextually near-future events. The lexical stem takes the regular -AR present endings. The person-matched clitic precedes the finite verb.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	me enfermo	I get sick
Tú — you, singular informal	te enfermas	you get sick
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	se enferma	he / she gets sick; you get sick (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	nos enfermamos	we get sick
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	os enfermáis	you get sick (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	se enferman	they get sick; you get sick (plural)

• Me enfermo con facilidad cuando duermo poco. — I get sick easily when I sleep too little.

Enfermarse preterite conjugation

Preterite (el pretérito perfecto simple / pretérito indefinido) — Use it for completed or bounded past events. The verb uses the regular -AR preterite family. The clitic precedes the finite verb.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	me enfermé	I got sick
Tú — you, singular informal	te enfermaste	you got sick
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	se enfermó	he / she got sick; you got sick (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	nos enfermamos	we got sick
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	os enfermasteis	you got sick (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	se enfermaron	they got sick; you got sick (plural)

• El año pasado me enfermé durante el viaje. — Last year I got sick during the trip.

Enfermarse imperfect conjugation

Imperfect (el pretérito imperfecto) — Use it for habitual, descriptive, background, or ongoing past situations. The verb uses the regular -AR imperfect family. The clitic precedes the finite verb.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	me enfermaba	I used to get sick / was getting sick
Tú — you, singular informal	te enfermabas	you used to get sick / were getting sick
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	se enfermaba	he / she used to get sick / was getting sick; you used to get sick / were getting sick (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	nos enfermábamos	we used to get sick / were getting sick
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	os enfermabais	you used to get sick / were getting sick (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	se enfermaban	they used to get sick / were getting sick; you used to get sick / were getting sick (plural)

• De niño me enfermaba cada invierno. — As a child, I used to get sick every winter.

Enfermarse present progressive

Present progressive — This verbal periphrasis focuses on an action or process in progress. Form it with present estar — “to be” — plus enfermando; the main table places the clitic before the finite auxiliary. Attaching the clitic to the gerund is also standard.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	me estoy enfermando	I am getting sick
Tú — you, singular informal	te estás enfermando	you are getting sick
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	se está enfermando	he / she is getting sick; you are getting sick (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	nos estamos enfermando	we are getting sick
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	os estáis enfermando	you are getting sick (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	se están enfermando	they are getting sick; you are getting sick (plural)

• Me estoy enfermando y necesito descansar. — I am getting sick and need to rest.

Enfermarse near future conjugation

Near future — This verbal periphrasis expresses an intention, plan, or expected event. Form it with present ir — “to go” — plus a — “to” — and enfermar; the main table places the clitic before ir. Attaching it to the infinitive is also standard.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	me voy a enfermar	I am going to get sick
Tú — you, singular informal	te vas a enfermar	you are going to get sick
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	se va a enfermar	he / she is going to get sick; you are going to get sick (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	nos vamos a enfermar	we are going to get sick
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	os vais a enfermar	you are going to get sick (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	se van a enfermar	they are going to get sick; you are going to get sick (plural)

• Creo que me voy a enfermar. — I think I am going to get sick.

Enfermarse future tense conjugation

Simple future (el futuro simple) — Use it for future reference and, where context supports it, probability. The endings attach to the full infinitive; there is no separate irregular future or conditional stem. The clitic precedes the finite verb.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	me enfermaré	I will get sick
Tú — you, singular informal	te enfermarás	you will get sick
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	se enfermará	he / she will get sick; you will get sick (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	nos enfermaremos	we will get sick
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	os enfermaréis	you will get sick (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	se enfermarán	they will get sick; you will get sick (plural)

• Sin descanso, te enfermarás con más facilidad. — Without rest, you will get sick more easily.

Enfermarse conditional conjugation

Conditional (el condicional simple) — Use it for hypothetical outcomes, softened statements, or related conditional meanings. The endings attach to the full infinitive; there is no separate irregular future or conditional stem. The clitic precedes the finite verb.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	me enfermaría	I would get sick
Tú — you, singular informal	te enfermarías	you would get sick
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	se enfermaría	he / she would get sick; you would get sick (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	nos enfermaríamos	we would get sick
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	os enfermaríais	you would get sick (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	se enfermarían	they would get sick; you would get sick (plural)

• Me enfermaría menos si durmiera mejor. — I would get sick less if I slept better.

Enfermarse present perfect conjugation

Present perfect (el pretérito perfecto compuesto) — Use it for completed events connected to a present reference frame; regional distribution varies. Form it with the appropriate form of haber — “to have” as an auxiliary — plus the invariant participle enfermado — “gotten sick.” The clitic precedes haber.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	me he enfermado	I have gotten sick
Tú — you, singular informal	te has enfermado	you have gotten sick
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	se ha enfermado	he / she has gotten sick; you have gotten sick (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	nos hemos enfermado	we have gotten sick
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	os habéis enfermado	you have gotten sick (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	se han enfermado	they have gotten sick; you have gotten sick (plural)

• Me he enfermado dos veces este año. — I have gotten sick twice this year.

Enfermarse past perfect conjugation

Past perfect (el pretérito pluscuamperfecto) — Use it for an event completed before another past reference point. Form it with the appropriate form of haber — “to have” as an auxiliary — plus the invariant participle enfermado — “gotten sick.” The clitic precedes haber.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	me había enfermado	I had gotten sick
Tú — you, singular informal	te habías enfermado	you had gotten sick
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	se había enfermado	he / she had gotten sick; you had gotten sick (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	nos habíamos enfermado	we had gotten sick
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	os habíais enfermado	you had gotten sick (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	se habían enfermado	they had gotten sick; you had gotten sick (plural)

• Ya se había enfermado antes del viaje. — He / she had already gotten sick before the trip.

Enfermarse future perfect conjugation

Future perfect (el futuro perfecto) — Use it for an event expected to be completed before a future reference point. Form it with the appropriate form of haber — “to have” as an auxiliary — plus the invariant participle enfermado — “gotten sick.” The clitic precedes haber.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	me habré enfermado	I will have gotten sick
Tú — you, singular informal	te habrás enfermado	you will have gotten sick
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	se habrá enfermado	he / she will have gotten sick; you will have gotten sick (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	nos habremos enfermado	we will have gotten sick
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	os habréis enfermado	you will have gotten sick (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	se habrán enfermado	they will have gotten sick; you will have gotten sick (plural)

• Para entonces todos se habrán enfermado si el brote continúa. — By then everyone will have gotten sick if the outbreak continues.

Enfermarse conditional perfect conjugation

Conditional perfect (el condicional compuesto) — Use it for a hypothetical completed outcome. Form it with the appropriate form of haber — “to have” as an auxiliary — plus the invariant participle enfermado — “gotten sick.” The clitic precedes haber.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	me habría enfermado	I would have gotten sick
Tú — you, singular informal	te habrías enfermado	you would have gotten sick
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	se habría enfermado	he / she would have gotten sick; you would have gotten sick (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	nos habríamos enfermado	we would have gotten sick
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	os habríais enfermado	you would have gotten sick (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	se habrían enfermado	they would have gotten sick; you would have gotten sick (plural)

• Me habría enfermado sin esas precauciones. — I would have gotten sick without those precautions.

Enfermarse subjunctive conjugations

Enfermarse present subjunctive conjugation

Present subjunctive (el presente de subjuntivo) — Use it in subordinate environments involving wishes, influence, emotion, doubt or denial, evaluation, necessity, possibility, or non-specific reference. It uses the regular present-subjunctive endings for a -AR verb. The clitic precedes the finite verb.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	me enferme	that I get sick
Tú — you, singular informal	te enfermes	that you get sick
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	se enferme	that he / she get sick; that you get sick (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	nos enfermemos	that we get sick
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	os enferméis	that you get sick (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	se enfermen	that they get sick; that you get sick (plural)

• Espero que no te enfermes durante el viaje. — I hope you do not get sick during the trip.

Enfermarse imperfect subjunctive conjugation

Imperfect subjunctive (el imperfecto de subjuntivo) — The main table uses the -ra series. The accepted -se series is also valid in many contexts and is demonstrated after the table; do not assume unrestricted interchangeability in every special construction. These forms are built from the third-person plural preterite family; the main table uses the -ra series. The clitic precedes the finite verb.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	me enfermara	that I got sick
Tú — you, singular informal	te enfermaras	that you got sick
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	se enfermara	that he / she got sick; that you got sick (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	nos enfermáramos	that we got sick
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	os enfermarais	that you got sick (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	se enfermaran	that they got sick; that you got sick (plural)

• Temían que nos enfermáramos todos. — They feared that we would all get sick.
• Era posible que te enfermases después del contacto. — It was possible that you would get sick after the contact.

Enfermarse future subjunctive conjugation

Future subjunctive (el futuro de subjuntivo) — Rare in modern everyday Spanish. It survives mainly in formal, legal, proverbial, literary, or historical contexts. These rare reference forms share the same historical stem family as the imperfect subjunctive. The clitic precedes the finite verb.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	me enfermare	if / when I should get sick
Tú — you, singular informal	te enfermares	if / when you should get sick
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	se enfermare	if / when he / she should get sick; if / when you should get sick (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	nos enfermáremos	if / when we should get sick
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	os enfermareis	if / when you should get sick (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	se enfermaren	if / when they should get sick; if / when you should get sick (plural)

• Si alguien se enfermare durante la actividad, deberá avisar. — If someone should get sick during the activity, they must report it.

Enfermarse present perfect subjunctive conjugation

Present perfect subjunctive (el pretérito perfecto de subjuntivo) — Use it when a completed event appears inside a present- or future-oriented subjunctive environment. Form it with the appropriate form of haber — “to have” as an auxiliary — plus the invariant participle enfermado — “gotten sick.” The clitic precedes haber.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	me haya enfermado	that I have gotten sick
Tú — you, singular informal	te hayas enfermado	that you have gotten sick
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	se haya enfermado	that he / she has gotten sick; that you have gotten sick (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	nos hayamos enfermado	that we have gotten sick
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	os hayáis enfermado	that you have gotten sick (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	se hayan enfermado	that they have gotten sick; that you have gotten sick (plural)

• Me alegra que no te hayas enfermado. — I am glad that you have not gotten sick.

Enfermarse past perfect subjunctive conjugation

Past perfect subjunctive (el pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo) — The main table uses hubiera; hubiese is an accepted auxiliary alternative in many contexts and is demonstrated after the table. Form it with the appropriate form of haber — “to have” as an auxiliary — plus the invariant participle enfermado — “gotten sick.” The clitic precedes haber.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	me hubiera enfermado	that I had gotten sick
Tú — you, singular informal	te hubieras enfermado	that you had gotten sick
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	se hubiera enfermado	that he / she had gotten sick; that you had gotten sick (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	nos hubiéramos enfermado	that we had gotten sick
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	os hubierais enfermado	that you had gotten sick (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	se hubieran enfermado	that they had gotten sick; that you had gotten sick (plural)

• Si me hubiera enfermado, habría cancelado el viaje. — If I had gotten sick, I would have canceled the trip.
• Si te hubieses enfermado, habrías necesitado descansar. — If you had gotten sick, you would have needed to rest.

Enfermarse future perfect subjunctive conjugation

Future perfect subjunctive (el futuro perfecto de subjuntivo) — Rare in modern everyday Spanish. Treat it as a formal or historical reference form, not an everyday conversational target. Form it with the appropriate form of haber — “to have” as an auxiliary — plus the invariant participle enfermado — “gotten sick.” The clitic precedes haber.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Yo — I	me hubiere enfermado	if / when I should have gotten sick
Tú — you, singular informal	te hubieres enfermado	if / when you should have gotten sick
Él / Ella / Usted — he / she / you, singular formal	se hubiere enfermado	if / when he / she should have gotten sick; if / when you should have gotten sick (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we	nos hubiéremos enfermado	if / when we should have gotten sick
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	os hubiereis enfermado	if / when you should have gotten sick (plural)
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes — they / you, plural	se hubieren enfermado	if / when they should have gotten sick; if / when you should have gotten sick (plural)

• Si se hubieren enfermado durante la estancia, deberán comunicarlo. — If they should have gotten sick during the stay, they must report it.

Enfermarse imperative and commands

Commands address another person directly. Spanish uses different morphological sources by person and polarity; the nosotros/nosotras row is a present-subjunctive form used with exhortative “let’s…” value.

Enfermarse affirmative commands

Restricted in ordinary use. These affirmative forms are morphologically possible, but directly ordering someone to become ill is normally pragmatically inappropriate. The table is retained as a reference paradigm rather than as a conversational production target.

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Tú — you, singular informal	enférmate	get sick
Usted — you, singular formal	enférmese	get sick (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we; let’s…	enfermémonos	let’s get sick
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	enfermaos	get sick (plural, mainly Spain)
Ustedes — you, plural	enférmense	get sick (plural)

• “Enférmate” no es una orden habitual en el uso cotidiano. — “Get sick” is not a normal command in everyday use.

Enfermarse negative commands

Negative commands use subjunctive-based forms. The pronominal clitic precedes the verb after no — “not / do not.”

Pronoun and English meaning	Spanish	Natural English guide
Tú — you, singular informal	no te enfermes	do not get sick
Usted — you, singular formal	no se enferme	do not get sick (formal)
Nosotros / Nosotras — we; let’s…	no nos enfermemos	let’s not get sick
Vosotros / Vosotras — you, plural informal, mainly Spain	no os enferméis	do not get sick (plural, mainly Spain)
Ustedes — you, plural	no se enfermen	do not get sick (plural)

• No te enfermes por falta de descanso. — Do not get sick because of insufficient rest.

Common constructions with Enfermarse

These patterns show sentence frames that materially affect how the target verb is used.

• enfermarse de + disease. — to get sick with a disease.
• enfermarse durante + period or event. — to get sick during a period or event.
• enfermarse por + cause. — to get sick because of a cause.

Example sentences with Enfermarse

These examples reinforce the target verb across useful forms and contexts already taught in the lesson.

• Me enfermé durante las vacaciones. — I got sick during the vacation.
• No quiero enfermarme antes del viaje. — I do not want to get sick before the trip.
• Se está enfermando con frecuencia. — He / she is getting sick frequently.
• Espero que nadie se enferme. — I hope nobody gets sick.
• Nos hemos enfermado varias veces este invierno. — We have gotten sick several times this winter.
• No te enfermes por trabajar demasiado. — Do not get sick from working too much.

Regional and usage notes for Enfermarse

The core tables retain tú, usted, vosotros/vosotras, and ustedes for project comparability. Voseo changes some common second-person singular forms in regions where vos — “you, singular informal” — is used.

• Vos te enfermás con facilidad. — You get sick easily. (voseo)
• Enfermate solo aparece en contextos donde una orden de ese tipo tiene sentido pragmático. — Enfermate only appears in contexts where that kind of command makes pragmatic sense. (voseo affirmative form)

Affirmative commands of enfermarse are morphologically formable, but commanding someone to become ill is normally pragmatically inappropriate. The affirmative table is therefore a reference paradigm, while the negative command no te enfermes — “do not get sick” — has ordinary communicative use.

Enfermarse is morphologically regular. Focus on keeping the clitic with the verb, placing it correctly in verbal sequences, and recognizing that affirmative commands are a reference possibility rather than an ordinary everyday use.